
Because solar cell efficiency is the Holy Grail of solar energy researchers, finding a solar cell that takes in light from the entire spectrum and converts it to energy is a quest undertaken by many.
One team, from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, have reportedly found their Grail, in a new, high-efficiency solar cell that responds to sunlight’s full range of illumination, from infra-red through ultraviolet.
Not only is it highly receptive to the full spectrum of light, reports Wladek Walukiewicz, head of the Solar Energy Material Sciences Division (MSD) of Berkeley Lab, but it can also be easily made using a manufacturing technique common to the semiconductor industry which produces products at lower costs.
Berkeley Lab, one of 21 U.S. laboratories operating under the wing of the Department of Energy, is one of the premier labs in the nation, with 57 scientists also members of the National Academy of Sciences. Eighteen engineers hold membership in the prestigious National Academy of Engineering, and 13 scientists have won the National Medal of Science, proving that Berkeley Lab is some serious science!
The manufacturing process that allows for this amazing capacity across the solar spectrum is, according to Walukiewicz and partner Kin Man Yu, altering the amounts of indium and gallium in the same alloy. The result of this is that each different mixture became a different type of semiconductor. Stacking several of these layers, all closely matched but with a variable indium content, produced a photovoltaic device that was sensitive to the full solar spectrum.
Repeating the process with gallium arsenide nitride, and replacing some of the arsenic atoms with nitrogen, a third type of semiconductor responding to a different band gap was made. The best part of this discovery was realizing that the alloy could be made via metalorganic chemical vapor depositions (MOCVD), one of the most common methods used to manufacture semiconductors.
With this latter discovery, scientists were able to capture “virtually the entire solar spectrum.”
This has to be the best solar news of the year, and 2011 is barely begun!
Photo Credit: OregonDOT via Flickr CC


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